Analysis – Saturday, 2 April 2022

No April Joke
The tunnel became longer and the light at the end fainter but there is still light at the end.

I have been doing these numbers for over two years now and if I have learnt one thing then, it is that a daily death number below 0.1 per 100 000 is a good sign. If the curve remains safely below that threshold for about a month, I would personally feel safe, particularly in well aerated spaces. I posit that this would be a good threshold for unmasking. The Western European or North American countries that have unmasked were all above that threshold and most of these places see additional deaths. One can now speculate that these countries had not seen these deaths had they kept their masks on.

Washington State is reporting their testing data again and the test positive rate is below the desired 5% mark, which is great. The incidence is rather low but its decline is slowing down, which could foreshadow a development that Europe has seen for a month.

In the USA, incidence is stalling at a rather low level and death numbers are stalling at a too high level. Without a mask mandate as a buffer and with abysmally low vaccine protection (for a rich country), the Omicron BA.2 variant could push case numbers up again.

Quo vadis, Germania? Incidence is near world record, daily death numbers are in the upper echelon and increasing, ITU numbers are timidly increasing. The latter are reported with one month delay though (the famous German fax machines plus not enough personnel for typing the data into the computer). Yet, lawmakers have decided to link state intervention to hospitalisation data. And hence, the masks will drop in two days. Politics have just declared bankruptcy.

Britain's incidence has peaked but ITU (ICU) and death numbers are still climbing. If things go as predicted from other countries, death numbers should start falling again two weeks from now. 

In France the renewed surge in cases is causing more deaths. It is hard to predict when numbers will start to revert again.

Tunisia is fooling itself by first ditching their daily updates and thus making trends harder to spot. In addition, they perform so few test that their actual incidence is 10x higher than reported. This severe under-reporting extends to the ITU numbers (5x higher) and mortality (3x higher).
What is puzzling is that mortality is increasing but incidence is not. One explanation is that the low number of tests obscure a renewed upswing in new cases, which is supported by an increasing R-value. Speaking against this explanation is a sharply falling test positive rate (from a high of 50% to currently just over 10%). The next weeks will tell.

Summary

 Daily incidence, ICU occupancy and deaths are 7-day averages per 100K people based on reported numbers.
Actual number might be (considerably) higher. Arrows = tendency.
Daily death projections from 21 MarchThey assume the continuation of current measures up to late June 2022
 See explanations on the help page.

 Daily
Incidence
Daily
ICU
Daily
Deaths
Daily
Pos. Rate
Cumulative
Excess 
Death  
Death
Projection
USA008.8 →0.7 ↓0.244 →03.9 % ↗︎16.6 %↘︎
WA State009.7 ↘︎0.6 ↘︎0.105 ↘︎04.9 % ↘︎11.9 %↘︎
Britain111.3 ↘︎0.5 ↗︎0.235 ↗︎11.1 % ↘︎12.8 %↘︎
France209.6 ↗︎2.3 ↘︎0.180 ↗︎31.1 % ↑12.5 %↘︎
Germany309.1 ↗︎2.8 →0.324 ↗︎64.4 % ↑07.4 %
Tunisia002.6 ↓0.4 ↓0.190 ↗︎10.2 % ↓18.6 %↘︎

Results From A Human Challenge Study

It takes just a tiny virus-laden droplet to infect someone with Covid-19. That's just one of the findings from research that deliberately infected healthy volunteers with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The findings were published Thursday in the journal Nature Medicine (PDF).

Here are some of the findings, which confirms a lot we already know about Covid-19 infections but now we have proof:


  • A tiny amount of virus, as little as is found in a single droplet someone sneezes or coughs, can make someone sick.
  • Covid-19 has a very short incubation period. It takes about two days after infection for a person to start shedding virus.
  • People shed high amounts of virus before they show symptoms (confirming something epidemiologists had figured out).
  • On average, the young, healthy study volunteers shed virus for 6½ days, but some shed virus for 12 days.
  • Infected people can shed high levels of virus without any symptoms.
  • About 3½ days after the virus was introduced, it could be detected in the back of the throat.
  • It took about 5 days for virus to show up on swabs from the nose, where it eventually grew to much higher levels.
  • Lateral flow tests, the rapid at-home kind, work really well for detecting when a person is contagious. The study found that these kinds of tests could diagnose infection before 70% to 80% of viable virus had been generated.

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